Multiple Intelligences is a theory proposed by Howard Gardner in 1983, suggesting that traditional measures of intelligence, such as IQ tests, are too limited. Gardner proposed eight distinct intelligences that reflect different ways of interacting with the world and processing information. These intelligences are:

1. Linguistic Intelligence: The ability to use language effectively for communication and expression. Individuals with high linguistic intelligence are often good at reading, writing, storytelling, and learning languages.
2. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence: The capacity for logical reasoning, problem-solving, and understanding complex mathematical concepts. People with this intelligence are often strong in mathematics, science, and logical reasoning.
3. Spatial Intelligence: The ability to think in three dimensions and visualize spatial relationships. This intelligence is key for architects, artists, and engineers who need to visualize and manipulate objects and spaces.
4. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence: The skill of using one’s body to express ideas and feelings or to produce something. This intelligence is prominent in dancers, athletes, surgeons, and craftspeople.
5. Musical Intelligence: The talent for understanding, creating, and interpreting music and sound patterns. Musicians, composers, and conductors typically have high musical intelligence.
6. Interpersonal Intelligence: The capacity to understand and interact effectively with others. People with strong interpersonal intelligence are skilled at communication, empathy, and managing relationships.
7. Intrapersonal Intelligence: The ability to understand oneself, including one’s emotions, motivations, and inner states. This intelligence is crucial for self-reflection and personal growth.
8. Naturalistic Intelligence: The ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals, and other elements of nature. Individuals with this intelligence are often adept at understanding the natural world and may excel in fields like biology, ecology, and conservation.

Gardner later suggested the possibility of a ninth intelligence, called Existential Intelligence, which involves the capacity to ponder deep questions about human existence, such as the meaning of life and the nature of death.

The theory of Multiple Intelligences has influenced educational practices by encouraging a broader approach to teaching and learning, recognizing that students have diverse strengths and ways of learning.